Deprecated: wp_getimagesize(): Implicitly marking parameter $image_info as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-includes/media.php on line 5481

Deprecated: Freemius::maybe_activate_bundle_license(): Implicitly marking parameter $license as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/featured-images-for-rss-feeds/includes/freemius/includes/class-freemius.php on line 7979

Deprecated: Freemius::set_license(): Implicitly marking parameter $license as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/featured-images-for-rss-feeds/includes/freemius/includes/class-freemius.php on line 12607

Deprecated: Freemius::switch_to_blog(): Implicitly marking parameter $install as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/featured-images-for-rss-feeds/includes/freemius/includes/class-freemius.php on line 15808

Deprecated: Freemius::_activate_addon_account(): Implicitly marking parameter $bundle_license as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/featured-images-for-rss-feeds/includes/freemius/includes/class-freemius.php on line 18280

Deprecated: Freemius::_store_site(): Implicitly marking parameter $site as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/featured-images-for-rss-feeds/includes/freemius/includes/class-freemius.php on line 19838

Deprecated: YoastSEO_Vendor\GuzzleHttp\Promise\queue(): Implicitly marking parameter $assign as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-seo/vendor_prefixed/guzzlehttp/promises/src/functions.php on line 24

Deprecated: YoastSEO_Vendor\GuzzleHttp\Promise\each(): Implicitly marking parameter $onFulfilled as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-seo/vendor_prefixed/guzzlehttp/promises/src/functions.php on line 247

Deprecated: YoastSEO_Vendor\GuzzleHttp\Promise\each(): Implicitly marking parameter $onRejected as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-seo/vendor_prefixed/guzzlehttp/promises/src/functions.php on line 247

Deprecated: YoastSEO_Vendor\GuzzleHttp\Promise\each_limit(): Implicitly marking parameter $onFulfilled as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-seo/vendor_prefixed/guzzlehttp/promises/src/functions.php on line 268

Deprecated: YoastSEO_Vendor\GuzzleHttp\Promise\each_limit(): Implicitly marking parameter $onRejected as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-seo/vendor_prefixed/guzzlehttp/promises/src/functions.php on line 268

Deprecated: YoastSEO_Vendor\GuzzleHttp\Promise\each_limit_all(): Implicitly marking parameter $onFulfilled as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-seo/vendor_prefixed/guzzlehttp/promises/src/functions.php on line 285

Deprecated: YoastSEO_Vendor\Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Container::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $parameterBag as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-seo/vendor_prefixed/symfony/dependency-injection/Container.php on line 60

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/includes/admin-options.php on line 279

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/includes/admin-options.php on line 288

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/includes/admin-options.php on line 293

Deprecated: Dhii\Di\CompositeContainer::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $parent as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/vendor/dhii/di/src/CompositeContainer.php on line 26

Deprecated: Dhii\Di\CompositeContainer::_createNotFoundException(): Implicitly marking parameter $innerException as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/vendor/dhii/di/src/CompositeContainer.php on line 94

Deprecated: Dhii\Di\CompositeContainer::_createContainerException(): Implicitly marking parameter $innerException as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/vendor/dhii/di/src/CompositeContainer.php on line 106

Deprecated: Dhii\Di\AbstractParentAwareContainer::_setParentContainer(): Implicitly marking parameter $container as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/vendor/dhii/di-abstract/src/AbstractParentAwareContainer.php on line 58

Deprecated: Dhii\Di\AbstractContainer::_createNotFoundException(): Implicitly marking parameter $innerException as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/vendor/dhii/di-abstract/src/AbstractContainer.php on line 266

Deprecated: Dhii\Di\AbstractContainer::_createContainerException(): Implicitly marking parameter $innerException as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/vendor/dhii/di-abstract/src/AbstractContainer.php on line 275

Deprecated: Aventura\Wprss\Core\CompositeContainer::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $parent as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/includes/Aventura/Wprss/Core/CompositeContainer.php on line 20

Deprecated: Aventura\Wprss\Core\Plugin\Di\AbstractWritableCompositeContainer::_createNotFoundException(): Implicitly marking parameter $innerException as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/includes/Aventura/Wprss/Core/Plugin/Di/AbstractWritableCompositeContainer.php on line 82

Deprecated: Aventura\Wprss\Core\Plugin\Di\AbstractWritableCompositeContainer::_createContainerException(): Implicitly marking parameter $innerException as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/includes/Aventura/Wprss/Core/Plugin/Di/AbstractWritableCompositeContainer.php on line 94

Deprecated: Return type of Aventura\Wprss\Core\DataObject::offsetExists($offset) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetExists(mixed $offset): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/includes/Aventura/Wprss/Core/DataObject.php on line 783

Deprecated: Return type of Aventura\Wprss\Core\DataObject::offsetGet($offset) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetGet(mixed $offset): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/includes/Aventura/Wprss/Core/DataObject.php on line 808

Deprecated: Return type of Aventura\Wprss\Core\DataObject::offsetSet($offset, $value) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetSet(mixed $offset, mixed $value): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/includes/Aventura/Wprss/Core/DataObject.php on line 770

Deprecated: Return type of Aventura\Wprss\Core\DataObject::offsetUnset($offset) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetUnset(mixed $offset): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/includes/Aventura/Wprss/Core/DataObject.php on line 795

Deprecated: Aventura\Wprss\Core\Container::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $parent as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/includes/Aventura/Wprss/Core/Container.php on line 21

Deprecated: Aventura\Wprss\Core\Plugin\Di\AbstractContainer::_createNotFoundException(): Implicitly marking parameter $innerException as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/includes/Aventura/Wprss/Core/Plugin/Di/AbstractContainer.php on line 76

Deprecated: Aventura\Wprss\Core\Plugin\Di\AbstractContainer::_createContainerException(): Implicitly marking parameter $innerException as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/includes/Aventura/Wprss/Core/Plugin/Di/AbstractContainer.php on line 88

Deprecated: Aventura\Wprss\Core\Plugin\PluginAbstract::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $container as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/includes/Aventura/Wprss/Core/Plugin/PluginAbstract.php on line 49

Deprecated: Aventura\Wprss\Core\Plugin\PluginAbstract::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $factory as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/includes/Aventura/Wprss/Core/Plugin/PluginAbstract.php on line 49

Deprecated: ActionScheduler_Store::save_action(): Implicitly marking parameter $scheduled_date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/all-in-one-seo-pack/vendor/woocommerce/action-scheduler/classes/abstracts/ActionScheduler_Store.php on line 29

Deprecated: ActionScheduler_Store::stake_claim(): Implicitly marking parameter $before_date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/all-in-one-seo-pack/vendor/woocommerce/action-scheduler/classes/abstracts/ActionScheduler_Store.php on line 188

Deprecated: ActionScheduler_Store::get_scheduled_date_string(): Implicitly marking parameter $scheduled_date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/all-in-one-seo-pack/vendor/woocommerce/action-scheduler/classes/abstracts/ActionScheduler_Store.php on line 257

Deprecated: ActionScheduler_Store::get_scheduled_date_string_local(): Implicitly marking parameter $scheduled_date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/all-in-one-seo-pack/vendor/woocommerce/action-scheduler/classes/abstracts/ActionScheduler_Store.php on line 274

Deprecated: ActionScheduler_DBStore::save_unique_action(): Implicitly marking parameter $scheduled_date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/all-in-one-seo-pack/vendor/woocommerce/action-scheduler/classes/data-stores/ActionScheduler_DBStore.php on line 55

Deprecated: ActionScheduler_DBStore::save_action(): Implicitly marking parameter $scheduled_date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/all-in-one-seo-pack/vendor/woocommerce/action-scheduler/classes/data-stores/ActionScheduler_DBStore.php on line 68

Deprecated: ActionScheduler_DBStore::save_action_to_db(): Implicitly marking parameter $date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/all-in-one-seo-pack/vendor/woocommerce/action-scheduler/classes/data-stores/ActionScheduler_DBStore.php on line 82

Deprecated: ActionScheduler_DBStore::stake_claim(): Implicitly marking parameter $before_date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/all-in-one-seo-pack/vendor/woocommerce/action-scheduler/classes/data-stores/ActionScheduler_DBStore.php on line 795

Deprecated: ActionScheduler_DBStore::claim_actions(): Implicitly marking parameter $before_date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/all-in-one-seo-pack/vendor/woocommerce/action-scheduler/classes/data-stores/ActionScheduler_DBStore.php on line 860

Deprecated: ActionScheduler_Logger::log(): Implicitly marking parameter $date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/all-in-one-seo-pack/vendor/woocommerce/action-scheduler/classes/abstracts/ActionScheduler_Logger.php on line 28

Deprecated: ActionScheduler_Logger::log_failed_fetch_action(): Implicitly marking parameter $exception as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/all-in-one-seo-pack/vendor/woocommerce/action-scheduler/classes/abstracts/ActionScheduler_Logger.php on line 142

Deprecated: ActionScheduler_DBLogger::log(): Implicitly marking parameter $date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/all-in-one-seo-pack/vendor/woocommerce/action-scheduler/classes/data-stores/ActionScheduler_DBLogger.php on line 21

Deprecated: ActionScheduler_QueueRunner::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $store as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/all-in-one-seo-pack/vendor/woocommerce/action-scheduler/classes/ActionScheduler_QueueRunner.php on line 39

Deprecated: ActionScheduler_QueueRunner::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $monitor as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/all-in-one-seo-pack/vendor/woocommerce/action-scheduler/classes/ActionScheduler_QueueRunner.php on line 39

Deprecated: ActionScheduler_QueueRunner::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $cleaner as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/all-in-one-seo-pack/vendor/woocommerce/action-scheduler/classes/ActionScheduler_QueueRunner.php on line 39

Deprecated: ActionScheduler_QueueRunner::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $async_request as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/all-in-one-seo-pack/vendor/woocommerce/action-scheduler/classes/ActionScheduler_QueueRunner.php on line 39

Deprecated: ActionScheduler_Abstract_QueueRunner::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $store as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/all-in-one-seo-pack/vendor/woocommerce/action-scheduler/classes/abstracts/ActionScheduler_Abstract_QueueRunner.php on line 34

Deprecated: ActionScheduler_Abstract_QueueRunner::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $monitor as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/all-in-one-seo-pack/vendor/woocommerce/action-scheduler/classes/abstracts/ActionScheduler_Abstract_QueueRunner.php on line 34

Deprecated: ActionScheduler_Abstract_QueueRunner::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $cleaner as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/all-in-one-seo-pack/vendor/woocommerce/action-scheduler/classes/abstracts/ActionScheduler_Abstract_QueueRunner.php on line 34

Deprecated: ActionScheduler_QueueCleaner::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $store as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/all-in-one-seo-pack/vendor/woocommerce/action-scheduler/classes/ActionScheduler_QueueCleaner.php on line 35

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Essential_Addons_Elementor\Pro\Classes\Plugin_Updater::$beta is deprecated in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/essential-addons-elementor/includes/Classes/Plugin_Updater.php on line 45

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Essential_Addons_Elementor\Classes\Elements_Manager::$css_print_method is deprecated in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/essential-addons-for-elementor-lite/includes/Classes/Asset_Builder.php on line 87

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Essential_Addons_Elementor\Classes\Elements_Manager::$js_print_method is deprecated in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/essential-addons-for-elementor-lite/includes/Classes/Asset_Builder.php on line 88

Deprecated: Happy_Addons\Elementor\Assets_Cache::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $widget_cache_instance as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/happy-elementor-addons/classes/assets-cache.php on line 30

Deprecated: WPSEO_Premium_Metabox::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $link_suggestions as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-seo-premium/classes/premium-metabox.php on line 45

Deprecated: WPSEO_Redirect_Manager::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $option as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-seo-premium/classes/redirect/redirect-manager.php on line 59

Deprecated: RebelCode\Wpra\Core\Container\ModuleContainer::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $proxy as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/src/Container/ModuleContainer.php on line 39

Deprecated: RebelCode\Wpra\Core\Container\ModuleContainer::useProxy(): Implicitly marking parameter $proxy as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/src/Container/ModuleContainer.php on line 53

Deprecated: Return type of RebelCode\Wpra\Core\Data\AbstractDataSet::offsetExists($key) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetExists(mixed $offset): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/src/Data/AbstractDataSet.php on line 44

Deprecated: Return type of RebelCode\Wpra\Core\Data\AbstractDataSet::offsetGet($key) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetGet(mixed $offset): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/src/Data/AbstractDataSet.php on line 24

Deprecated: Return type of RebelCode\Wpra\Core\Data\AbstractDataSet::offsetSet($key, $value) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetSet(mixed $offset, mixed $value): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/src/Data/AbstractDataSet.php on line 60

Deprecated: Return type of RebelCode\Wpra\Core\Data\AbstractDataSet::offsetUnset($key) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetUnset(mixed $offset): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/src/Data/AbstractDataSet.php on line 76

Deprecated: Return type of RebelCode\Wpra\Core\Data\AbstractDataSet::current() should either be compatible with Iterator::current(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/src/Util/IteratorDelegateTrait.php on line 124

Deprecated: Return type of RebelCode\Wpra\Core\Data\AbstractDataSet::next() should either be compatible with Iterator::next(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/src/Util/IteratorDelegateTrait.php on line 97

Deprecated: Return type of RebelCode\Wpra\Core\Data\AbstractDataSet::key() should either be compatible with Iterator::key(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/src/Util/IteratorDelegateTrait.php on line 109

Deprecated: Return type of RebelCode\Wpra\Core\Data\AbstractDataSet::valid() should either be compatible with Iterator::valid(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/src/Util/IteratorDelegateTrait.php on line 136

Deprecated: Return type of RebelCode\Wpra\Core\Data\AbstractDataSet::rewind() should either be compatible with Iterator::rewind(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/src/Util/IteratorDelegateTrait.php on line 83

Deprecated: Twig\Environment::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $loader as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/vendor/twig/twig/src/Environment.php on line 122

Deprecated: Twig_Extensions_Extension_Date::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $translator as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/vendor/twig/extensions/lib/Twig/Extensions/Extension/Date.php on line 33

Deprecated: Return type of RebelCode\Wpra\Core\Data\AbstractDataSet::offsetExists($key) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetExists(mixed $offset): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/src/Data/AbstractDataSet.php on line 44

Deprecated: Return type of RebelCode\Wpra\Core\Entities\Collections\WpEntityCollection::offsetGet($key) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetGet(mixed $offset): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/src/Entities/Collections/WpEntityCollection.php on line 97

Deprecated: Return type of RebelCode\Wpra\Core\Data\AbstractDataSet::offsetSet($key, $value) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetSet(mixed $offset, mixed $value): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/src/Data/AbstractDataSet.php on line 60

Deprecated: Return type of RebelCode\Wpra\Core\Data\AbstractDataSet::offsetUnset($key) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetUnset(mixed $offset): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/src/Data/AbstractDataSet.php on line 76

Deprecated: Return type of RebelCode\Wpra\Core\Data\AbstractDataSet::current() should either be compatible with Iterator::current(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/src/Util/IteratorDelegateTrait.php on line 124

Deprecated: Return type of RebelCode\Wpra\Core\Data\AbstractDataSet::next() should either be compatible with Iterator::next(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/src/Util/IteratorDelegateTrait.php on line 97

Deprecated: Return type of RebelCode\Wpra\Core\Data\AbstractDataSet::key() should either be compatible with Iterator::key(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/src/Util/IteratorDelegateTrait.php on line 109

Deprecated: Return type of RebelCode\Wpra\Core\Data\AbstractDataSet::valid() should either be compatible with Iterator::valid(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/src/Util/IteratorDelegateTrait.php on line 136

Deprecated: Return type of RebelCode\Wpra\Core\Data\AbstractDataSet::rewind() should either be compatible with Iterator::rewind(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/src/Util/IteratorDelegateTrait.php on line 83

Deprecated: RebelCode\Entities\Properties\DefaultingProperty::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $fn as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/lib/Entities/Properties/DefaultingProperty.php on line 38

Deprecated: RebelCode\Wpra\Core\Entities\Properties\WpPostEntityProperty::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $factory as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/src/Entities/Properties/WpPostEntityProperty.php on line 53

Deprecated: Return type of Twig\Node\Node::count() should either be compatible with Countable::count(): int, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/vendor/twig/twig/src/Node/Node.php on line 213

Deprecated: Return type of Twig\Node\Node::getIterator() should either be compatible with IteratorAggregate::getIterator(): Traversable, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/vendor/twig/twig/src/Node/Node.php on line 221

Deprecated: Twig\Parser::addImportedSymbol(): Implicitly marking parameter $node as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/vendor/twig/twig/src/Parser.php on line 330

Deprecated: Twig\NodeVisitor\SafeAnalysisNodeVisitor::intersectSafe(): Implicitly marking parameter $a as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/vendor/twig/twig/src/NodeVisitor/SafeAnalysisNodeVisitor.php on line 141

Deprecated: Twig\NodeVisitor\SafeAnalysisNodeVisitor::intersectSafe(): Implicitly marking parameter $b as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/vendor/twig/twig/src/NodeVisitor/SafeAnalysisNodeVisitor.php on line 141

Deprecated: Twig\NodeTraverser::traverseForVisitor(): Implicitly marking parameter $node as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/vendor/twig/twig/src/NodeTraverser.php on line 63

Deprecated: Twig\Template::hasBlock(): Implicitly marking parameter $context as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /var/www/html/jornal/wp-content/plugins/wp-rss-aggregator/vendor/twig/twig/src/Template.php on line 301

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Jogo de tabuleiro sobre Física auxilia na aprendizagem significativa de estudantes -

Proposta de gamificação, aplicada no âmbito escolar, propicia maior apreensão do conteúdo programático

Por Raiane Andrade

A gamificação no campo educacional é um método de ensino que possibilita um maior engajamento dos estudantes com o conteúdo escolar. A prática consiste em introduzir elementos provenientes de jogos em atividades e processos de aprendizagem. Com base nisso, o pesquisador Miler Virgulino de Souza desenvolveu o jogo de tabuleiro Correndo a Física como produto educacional resultante de sua dissertação de mestrado, com efeitos positivos na apreensão de conteúdos pelos alunos desta disciplina. O trabalho foi apresentado, em 2022, ao Programa Nacional de Mestrado Profissional em Ensino de Física (MNPEF), Polo Centro Acadêmico do Agreste (CAA) da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE).

Intitulada “Correndo a Física: utilizando jogos de tabuleiro para trabalhar os conceitos de dinâmica e cinemática”, a pesquisa teve como orientador o professor João Eduardo Fernandes Ramos. A proposta de gamificação foi aplicada no âmbito escolar com a participação de discentes do 1º Ano do Ensino Médio, para trabalhar assuntos de Física referentes à mecânica – área que estuda o movimento dos corpos materiais. Após a aplicação do jogo, houve uma melhora significativa na média de acertos da turma e no desenvolvimento das respostas dos estudantes.

Os dados coletados, em 2021, foram analisados de maneira quantitativa e qualitativa quanto à apreensão do conteúdo. Para isso, foi aplicado um formulário eletrônico com 20 questões de múltipla escolha e discursivas. Com conteúdos semelhantes aos apresentados no jogo Correndo a Física, o questionário foi distribuído em um período anterior e posterior à partida, a fim de constatar o quadro evolutivo dos estudantes. O grupo, constituído por nove alunos, foi dividido igualmente em três equipes. Os estudantes estão matriculados em uma escola privada de Serra Talhada, cidade situada no Sertão pernambucano. 

Com relação à análise quantitativa, a média de acertos da turma passou de aproximadamente 51,6% para 73,9% referente à nota total. Quanto à análise qualitativa, é perceptível uma desenvoltura no discurso apresentado pelos discentes diante da proposta gamificada de avaliação. Anteriormente, as respostas para as perguntas discursivas eram mecanizadas, o que evidencia a possibilidade de o conceito ter sido decorado, mas não aprendido. Posteriormente, os alunos se expressaram melhor em suas definições sobre os conteúdos relacionados ao ensino de Física, por meio de respostas mais detalhadas.

“Eu sempre trabalhei com a ideia de gamificar o ensino, justamente por ser entusiasta de jogos, tanto de tabuleiro como on-line”, explica o autor. Ao observar que os jogadores dedicam horas de seu tempo para compreender o funcionamento de um jogo, Miler verificou a possibilidade de utilizar esse recurso para que as pessoas pudessem reservar um horário para estudar Física. “Gamificar torna o conteúdo potencialmente significativo e também traz essa predisposição à aprendizagem”, completa. 

Para a elaboração do jogo, o pesquisador teve como base a teoria desenvolvida por David Ausubel. Sob essa perspectiva, a aprendizagem se torna significativa quando o indivíduo atribui significado a um novo conhecimento a partir de interações estabelecidas com os seus conhecimentos prévios. Logo, as perguntas e respostas de Correndo a Física estavam relacionadas a conteúdos vistos anteriormente durante as aulas expositivas. Dessa maneira, os subsunçores, isto é, os conceitos ou ideias mais gerais, existentes na estrutura cognitiva do aluno, servem de suporte para o aprendizado de novos conceitos a eles associados. 

Além de propiciar a aprendizagem de forma voluntária, atividades lúdicas podem promover diálogos e questionamentos ao despertarem o interesse dos estudantes pelo conteúdo escolar. “Em determinado momento do jogo, eu me tornei apenas um espectador enquanto eles [alunos] jogavam, debatiam. E essa troca de argumento e de comunicação é que torna o conteúdo vinculado ao cérebro, como a gente tem a ideia de Ausubel, os subsunçores, os conhecimentos conectando”, explica Miler. Dessa forma, a aprendizagem mecânica, isto é, aquela em que os alunos memorizam as informações sem entender o significado, cede espaço para a aprendizagem significativa.

JOGO – Correndo a Física é um jogo de tabuleiro em formato de quiz (questionário). As perguntas estão distribuídas em categorias, e as respostas podem ser verificadas ao rotacionar a carta. As cartas sobre “História da Física” correspondem a acontecimentos históricos e descobertas que propiciaram o desenvolvimento da Física. Já a categoria “Física no Dia a Dia” tem como perspectiva as ações práticas e simples ocorridas no cotidiano em que são aplicados conhecimentos da Física. Enquanto isso, as cartas referentes aos “Conceitos de Física” estão relacionadas a questões objetivas e conceituais. 

Por fim, a categoria “Desafios” é caracterizada por problemas mais elaborados que podem ser resolvidos mediante demonstrações e cálculos. Aqueles que responderem corretamente as situações problemas terão o direito de retirar uma carta Bônus. Esta, por sua vez, concede benefícios ao participante e pode ser utilizada a qualquer momento durante a partida.

Ao lançar o dado, o número obtido corresponde à quantidade de casas que o jogador deve avançar. Cada casa do tabuleiro representa uma carta. A cada resposta correta, o jogador permanece em sua posição, caso contrário deverá retornar à casa de origem. Para demarcar a posição de cada jogador no tabuleiro, há quatro peças com imagens de renomados físicos: Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein, Galileu Galilei e James Clerk Maxwell.

VERSÕES DO JOGO – O jogo apresenta duas versões alternativas. A física está disponível para impressão na própria dissertação do autor. Com relação à versão digital, esta pode ser acessada, gratuitamente, mediante a realização de cadastro na plataforma de jogos de tabuleiro on-line Tabletopia. Conforme apontado por Miler Souza, a aplicação do produto educacional pode ser feita com ou sem a presença do professor enquanto mediador. O intuito é torná-lo não só uma ferramenta para avaliação do conhecimento estudantil, mas também uma proposta lúdica para que qualquer pessoa possa jogar e compreender o conteúdo de forma recreativa. 

Mais informações
Programa Nacional de Mestrado Profissional em Ensino de Física – Polo CAA/UFPE
(81) 2103.9192 

mnpef.agreste@ufpe.br

Miler Virgulino de Souza
miler.virgulino@gmail.com

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